9 min read
How return to player and volatility actually work
Two numbers describe a slot, and almost everything written about them is wrong in the same way. What they measure, and what they cannot tell you.
Casino and games
How casino games are built, priced and distributed: the mathematics behind a slot, the studios that make them, the aggregators that move them, and the mechanics that regulators restrict.
Online casino is the largest revenue category in most licensed markets, and almost all of it comes from slots. Understanding the category means understanding three separate things: the mathematics that determines what a game returns, the supply chain that gets a game from a studio into a lobby, and the rules that decide which features a game may carry in a given jurisdiction.
Explainers on this topic
8 min read
How live dealer studios work
A product that is half broadcast operation and half casino floor, with a cost structure closer to television than to software.
7 min read
How jackpots are funded
Nobody gives away a seven-figure prize. Where the money comes from, who carries the liability, and why some jackpots must drop by a deadline.