Skip to content

Reference last reviewed 27 October 2026

Industry reference

The iGaming industry, written down in one place

Jurisdiction by jurisdiction, company by company: what may be licensed where, who regulates it, how the money is taxed, and who does what between a licence and a game on a screen. Written for people who need the answer to be right rather than recent.

Licensing documents, a globe and casino chips, illustrating the subjects this reference covers
38jurisdiction profiles, each with its licensing position
40regulators, with licence types and remit
46companies across nine sectors of the supply chain
139glossary entries in plain language

Start here

Four pieces that carry most of the structure of the industry.

Insight library

By region

Licensing is national, so the region is where any market assessment starts.

All market profiles

22 jurisdictions

Europe

The most densely regulated region in the industry, and the one where the licence-per-country model was established.

5 jurisdictions

North America

Regulation is set state by state and province by province rather than nationally, so an operator deals with a separate regulator, a separate tax rate and a separate licence for.

5 jurisdictions

Latin America

The region where most of the industry's recent licensing work has been concentrated.

3 jurisdictions

Africa

Licensing exists in most of the larger economies but is fragmented, and in several countries it is split between national and state or provincial boards.

1 jurisdictions

Asia

Domestic online gambling is prohibited across most of the region, and the licensing that does exist is often aimed at operators serving players elsewhere.

2 jurisdictions

Oceania

Online sports and race betting is licensed and heavily advertised, while online casino is prohibited for domestic customers.

Markets people look up first

The licensing position, the regulator and the tax base for each one.

All market profiles

Open licensing, point of consumption

United Kingdom

The largest regulated online market in Europe, and the one whose licence conditions are most often used as a benchmark.

Licensed online casinoLicensed sports betting

Authorisation per operator, limited brands per authorisation

Brazil

The largest market to move from unlicensed to licensed in recent years, with betting and casino under one authorisation.

Licensed online casinoLicensed sports betting

Open licensing, with online table games excluded

Germany

Europe's largest economy licenses online slots and poker but not online table games, and taxes stakes rather than revenue.

Partly restricted online casinoLicensed sports betting

Registration with a provincial conduct-and-manage entity

Ontario

The first competitive regulated online market in Canada, open since April 2022 and the largest in North America for casino play.

Licensed online casinoLicensed sports betting

Open licensing

Netherlands

A licensed market since October 2021, now one of the most advertising-restricted in Europe.

Licensed online casinoLicensed sports betting

Open licensing

Sweden

A licensed market built around a single national self-exclusion register and a one-bonus rule.

Licensed online casinoLicensed sports betting

Concession awarded by public tender

Italy

A large licensed market entered only through periodic concession tenders, and closed to advertising since 2018.

Licensed online casinoLicensed sports betting

State regulator that also operates casinos

Philippines

A domestic licensed market overseen by a body that is both regulator and casino operator, with offshore licensing shut down.

Licensed online casinoLicensed sports betting

Explainers

How the mechanics of the industry actually work, written for people who need to use the answer.

Insight library

Technology and platforms

How an online casino is put together

Between a player pressing spin and a game paying out there are at least five separate companies. This is who they are and what each one is paid for.

Legal and compliance

What a gaming licence actually covers

A licence is not a badge of quality and it is not valid everywhere. What it authorises, who it binds, and why one company often holds a dozen.

Technology and platforms

What a platform provider does

The least visible company in the chain runs the accounts, the wallet, the bonuses and the regulatory reporting. Why almost nobody builds their own.

The supply chain

Nine sectors sit between a licence and a game on a screen.

Company directory

11 companies

Operators

The companies that hold the relationship with the player: they take the stake, hold the account, pay the winnings and carry the licence in each market they serve.

13 companies

Game studios

The companies that design and build the games themselves, principally slots.

2 companies

Live casino

Businesses that run physical studios where dealers host games streamed to players in real time.

5 companies

Platform and aggregation

The systems layer: player account management, wallets, bonusing, reporting, compliance tooling, and the single integration that gives an operator access to thousands of.

2 companies

Sports data and odds

Companies that collect what happens in a match, turn it into priced markets, and sell both the feed and the risk management around it.

3 companies

Payments

Processors, wallets and account-to-account providers that move deposits in and withdrawals out.

3 companies

Affiliate and media

Publishers that send players to operators and are paid by results, through revenue share, a fee per acquired customer, or a mixture of the two.

3 companies

Testing and certification

Independent laboratories that test games, random number generators and platforms against each jurisdiction's technical standard.

4 companies

Land-based and equipment

Manufacturers of gaming machines, lottery systems and casino equipment, most of which now run digital divisions as well.

What this is, and what it is not

This is a reference, not a news site. Nothing here is published because it happened this morning. Each entry records a position as reviewed on a date, and the date is shown on every page, because the single most common failure in writing about this industry is quoting a rule that changed two years ago.

Nothing on this site is an invitation to gamble. No games are offered, no stakes are accepted, no operator is promoted and no affiliate link is published. Where a company appears in the directory, it appears because it occupies a position in the industry worth recording.

  • Market profiles record what may be licensed in a jurisdiction, who regulates it, what the licensing model is and what the tax is levied on.
  • Regulators are set out with their legal basis, the licences they issue and what their supervision concentrates on.
  • The directory places companies in the nine sectors that sit between a licence and a game, and explains what each one actually does.
  • Explainers cover the mechanics: licensing, taxation, certification, payments, odds, bonuses, advertising and harm prevention.
  • The glossary defines the vocabulary in plain language, including the terms the industry uses without defining.

Where to start

If you are new to the sector, three pages carry most of the structure. The supply chain explains who the companies are and what each is paid for. Licensing explains what a licence authorises and why it stops at a border. Taxation explains why the base matters more than the rate, which is the single most useful fact about market economics.

If you are assessing a particular country, start with its market profile and follow the links to its regulator and to its region.

Questions and answers

Is this site run by a gambling operator?

No. It publishes reference material about the industry. It does not offer gambling, accept stakes, promote operators or publish affiliate links.

How current is the information?

Every page shows the date its underlying data was last reviewed. Gambling regulation changes frequently, and the entries are written to record structural facts, which move slowly, rather than figures that move quickly.

Why are tax rates not given as percentages?

Because rates change faster than anything else in this industry and a stale number is worse than none. The profiles record what the tax is levied on, which is both more stable and more informative. The reasoning is set out in the explainer on taxation.

Can a company be added to the directory?

The directory records companies by their position in the industry rather than by request, and entries are not purchased. See the editorial standards.